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Ultrasonic Testing Using the Total Focusing Method (TFM) is an advanced NDT technique based on the processing of a Full Matrix Capture (FMC) data set collected with a matrix array probe, in which the algorithm mathematically focuses the beam at every single point of the image, delivering the highest imaging resolution currently available for the internal structure of welds, castings, and structural components.

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badanie TFM

At Ultrarent we use modern flaw detectors with Full Matrix Capture (FMC) acquisition and TFM processing, which deliver a significantly more accurate image than classic PAUT in applications where precise characterisation and sizing of complex-shaped discontinuities is critical. Compared with traditional PAUT, we achieve markedly higher imaging resolution at every depth simultaneously, without the need to select a single, fixed focal law, which minimises the risk of overlooking or incorrectly sizing discontinuities with an atypical orientation. Testing is carried out in accordance with EN ISO 23864, by inspectors certified to EN ISO 9712, level 2 and 3.

In practice this means:

precise detection and sizing of internal discontinuities with complex shapes, such as: cracks, lack of fusion, lack of penetration,
the highest imaging resolution available among ultrasonic techniques, thanks to focusing at every point of the image,
permanent storage of the full data matrix (FMC), which enables repeated, retrospective analysis of the result without the need to repeat the test,
an image comparable in detail to radiography, without the need for harmful ionising radiation,
a single probe pass provides full volumetric coverage of the tested component with data recorded for further analysis,
an image focused simultaneously at every point and depth of the tested zone, rather than only in the narrow focal zone of the beam as in standard PAUT – this makes it easier to distinguish closely spaced reflectors,
the ability to reconstruct the image in several wave-propagation modes (e.g. L-L, T-T) based on the same FMC data, allowing the same discontinuity to be verified via different acoustic paths without rescanning the object,
Badania Ultradźwiękowe Total Focusing Method ( TFM)

are extremely precise and often used where standard PAUT does not provide sufficient image resolution, but they require greater computational power from the equipment as well as good surface access and preparation. At Ultrarent we advise on the optimal use of TFM as part of a comprehensive NDT strategy – supplementing it with other methods when surface defects are critical or the inspection must cover very large surfaces in a short time.

ULTRARENT Sp. z o.o. is a professional non-destructive testing (NDT) laboratory that provides testing and inspection services across the entire country — from Pomerania to the Subcarpathian region, and from Lower Silesia to Podlasie. Thanks to our wide operating reach and qualified team of specialists, we offer comprehensive service for both medium and large enterprises, as well as smaller industrial plants — in every voivodeship of Poland

List of voivodeships we serve:

Lower Silesian Kuyavian-Pomeranian Lesser Poland Masovian Opole Subcarpathian Podlaskie Pomeranian Łódź Lubusz Silesian Świętokrzyskie Greater Poland Kuyavian-Pomeranian Warmian-Masurian West Pomeranian

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TFM testing is extremely precise and often used where standard PAUT does not provide sufficient image resolution, but it requires greater computational power from the equipment and good surface access and preparation. At Ultrarent we advise on the optimal use of TFM as part of a comprehensive NDT strategy – supplementing it with other methods when surface defects are critical or the inspection must cover very large surfaces in a short time.

Badania Ultradźwiękowe TOFD

The TOFD ultrasonic technique is one of the non-destructive testing techniques used to inspect welded joints.

Replace TFM testing with volumetric methods:

Radiographic Testing (RT) is an NDT method in which X-ray or gamma radiation passes through the tested component and creates an image of its internal structure.

This makes it possible to quickly and reliably detect typical material discontinuities in castings and welded joints, such as cracks, gas pores, inclusions, voids or lack of penetration.

Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is an NDT method in which an ultrasonic wave is introduced into the tested component via a probe, and the reflected signals are analysed in order to detect internal and surface discontinuities.

TOFD Ultrasonic Testing (Time of Flight Diffraction) is a highly precise, volumetric NDT technique used to detect and measure discontinuities in welded joints and steel components. The TOFD technique uses the diffraction of ultrasonic waves at the edges of discontinuities, enabling their detection and precise sizing.

Complementary methods (surface)

Penetrant Testing (PT) is an NDT method used to detect discontinuities open to the surface, based on the capillary penetration of a penetrant into cracks.

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) is a non-destructive testing method used to detect surface and near-surface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials such as carbon and low-alloy steels.

PAUT uses a multi-element probe in which pulses are triggered with controlled delays, creating a beam that is electronically steered at multiple angles in a single scan — producing sector, C-scan, or B-scan images instead of single A-scans. The method provides a more complete picture of weld condition and eliminates the need for ionizing radiation, which significantly simplifies work organization.

PAUT excellently reveals cracks, lack of fusion, lack of bonding, slag inclusions, and porosity, thanks to multi-angle inspection and advanced visualization. The method is especially effective for thick-walled welds and complex geometries, where conventional UT would require multiple probes with different beam angles.

In many cases, yes — especially when equipment cannot be taken out of service, protection zones cannot be established, or an immediate result is required. Choosing PAUT as an alternative to RT depends on the type of component being inspected and the acceptance criteria. In many cases, Phased Array testing is far more efficient than radiography.

PAUT is significantly faster — a single scanner pass covers a range of angles (typically 40°–75°), eliminating the need for multiple probes at different angles compared with standard ultrasonic testing.

Yes, the surface must be smooth and clean to ensure good acoustic coupling. The method is sensitive to roughness, coatings, or deposits that can interfere with wave transmission. Preparation is similar to conventional UT and requires grinding the surface to be tested.

PAUT does not, however, require establishing special zones or using protective barriers, which makes it easier to carry out inspections alongside welding personnel at work.

Yes, modern PAUT systems allow effective inspection of both thick and thin-walled components — down to just a few millimeters of wall thickness. By adjusting beam parameters, settings can be selected to provide high resolution and reliable results even for delicate pipe or sheet structures.

Results are recorded as digital scan data, which can be analyzed, archived, and replayed at any time.

The report includes interpretation of the results and documentation that enables integration with quality systems, inspection plans, etc.

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PAUT

Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)

CR/DR

Digital radiography (DR)

VT

Visual testing (VT)

MT

Magnetic particle testing (MT)

RT

Radiographic testing (RT)

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  • Testing laboratory recognized by UDT — testing conducted in accordance with quality requirements for regulated equipment and critical processes
  • Less downtime and continuous operation — early detection reduces the risk of failure and costly shutdowns
  • Fast readiness and short turnaround times — efficient logistics, priority scheduling, express test results
  • Classic and advanced NDT inspection techniques performed by a team of specialists with years of experience
  • ISO 9712 Level 3 in all five principal NDT methods — VT, PT, MT, RT and UT. We write and approve the inspection procedure, not only perform the test.